Introduction
To begin with let me say this: there is no best antivirus out there. Why do I say this? Any product that you take will behave differently against various virus samples since the AV engines and other components incorporated in them are of different technologies.
While one product might have higher detection ratio, another might have better malicious URL blocking or virtualization techniques, yet another might have lesser impact on system performance and so on.
Antivirus Engine:
It is used for Real Time malware protection of files and is the core component to scan data on your PC for detecting and removing malware from hard disk, memory, boot sectors, network drives, removable disks, or from external network traffic (internet).
- How does an antivirus detect malware:
Firstly you got the signature-based detection which contains an offline database of known patterns of malware downloaded from the internet which can identify specific malware codes or family of malware. Then you have heuristic based detection that identifies pieces of code that are unlikely to be found in legitimate programs and hence is prone to false positives depending on the sensitivity of heuristics. Virtualization and sandboxing unpacks or executes unknown programs in an isolated secure environment so that their behaviour can be analysed and scanned using the antivirus engine. The latest one is cloud based detection that requires a reliable internet connection and sends the suspicious scanned file over the internet and the analysis is done by the vendors' machine running the cloud engine.
- Scanning for viruses:
Most antiviruses include these basic scan types: On-demand scan/manual scan is initiated by the user from right click context menu or from within the software. On-access scan is initiated when the resource is being accessed like running an executable, copying files from external drives etc. Scheduled scan periodically ensures that the system is free from malware by setting the time and frequency for scanning. Startup scan/quick scan checks most important locations like running processes, startup items, system memory and services, boot sectors and so on.
To be Continued in the next update....... Firewall, Proactive protection, Web protection components and more.
Honorable Mention:
- AVG Antivirus Free
- Baidu Antivirus
- Bitdefender Antivirus Free
- Clearsight Antivirus
- Fortinet FortiClient
- Nano Antivirus
- Roboscan Internet Security Free
- Sophos Home Antivirus
- Windows Defender
- ZoneAlarm Free Antivirus + Firewall
Discussion And Comparison
1. Qihoo 360 Total Security
The Good:
- Totally free, light on resources, extremely fast scan times and pre-configuration protection modes
- Smooth running installer with no adware, pleasing UI and comes with many themes
- Fast updates/fixes and excellent customer service with immediate replies
- Great signatures with multiple engines and in-house cloud protection
- Web protection addon, browsing locking, webcam, sandbox and usb protection modules
- Online shopping protection, malicious URL protection and network threat blocking
- Includes Glasswire Firewall and Windows patch-up components
- Great detection rates, with very high zero day protection
The Bad:
- Speedup and clean-up tools might not be for everyone (not present in Essentials version)
- Bitdefender or Avira engines not enabled by default
- Might encounter few false positives
- PUP [Potentially Unwanted Programs] detection needs to improve
The Ugly:
- Nothing for the moment
The Truth: 
5/5 stars
5/5 stars
v8.2 | 
bit version | 
Fully freeware | 
41.6MB | 
Win XP-10, Mac OSX2. Avast Free Antivirus
The Good:
- Extremely light on the system with a modern and clean UI
- The only antivirus with a fully customizable installer, selection of user preference components
- Works best in hardened or lock-down mode, which blocks all unknown programs (medium-expert users only)
- Top notch detection capability, many secondary components to offer variety to a wholesome software
- Excellent malicious URL blocking, network protection, outdated software checking, integrated password manager, and comes with a rescue disk.
- Deep screen technology that includes Sandbox and Safe machine components for protection
The Bad:
- Bloated default setup, some ads and pop'ups
- Account creation for further protection after a month
- Lack of an anti-ransomware module, and Deepscreen disabled by default
- Cloud reputation, Malware signatures and HIPS module needs improvement
The Ugly:
- Offers Google Chrome and various bloated secondary components during install [Choose custom install]
The Truth: 
4.5/5 stars
4.5/5 stars3. Comodo Internet Security Premium
The Good:
- Feature-rich with lots of options for customization along with setting tolerance against prompts
- Tweaked settings gives the best 0-day protection among the pack
- Multi-layered protection scheme with HIPS, Sandbox, Antivirus and Firewall
- Industry grade firewall with options for learning and behavioural blocker
- Low on resources with various graphical skins available and a clean user interface
The Bad:
- Painful for beginners to use it, not very newbie friendly
- Av-module is a bit weak especially the signature based detection
- Auto-sandboxing happens for various legitimate files, troubles with FPS games
- Too many tweaks needed for better protection
- Buggy software and updates are released slow.
The Ugly:
- Chromodo browser, Yahoo search engine, custom DNS and Geek Buddy offered during default install. [Click customize installation during install]
The Truth: 4.5/5 stars
4.5/5 stars4. AVIRA Free Antivirus
The Good:
- Pretty light on the system and runs smooth without system slow-downs
- Clean ad-free GUI, Ad-free installer, No pop-ups or ads
- High quality signatures, very fast updates, excellent detection on non-zero day threats
- Deep file scans with very less false positives
- Avira Protection Cloud makes for an excellent cloud engine
- Browser safety Add-ons available for major browsers
The Bad:
- Zero day protection (heuristic & behavioural shield) is very weak.
- Ineffective Browser launcher which is a memory hog (can be uninstalled)
- Painful removal for detected files. Repeated scans from Luke Filewalker increases CPU & RAM usage.
- Multiple file exceptions needs to be added (real-time and on-demand)
- No firewall/sandboxing/web shield technologies
The Ugly:
- Nothing for the moment
The Truth: 
4/5 stars
4/5 stars5. Panda Free Antivirus
The Good:
- Low memory & CPU usage thanks to cloud protection
- Tiled UI with customizable interface and nicely rendered Settings interface
- Collective intelligence cloud security - Downloading virus definitions is history
- Good detection rates and behavioural analysis program
- Fairly good web protection and hardware resource handling
The Bad:
- Dependant on internet connection leading to weaker offline protection
- Slow scanning speed, no fingerprinting (successive re-testing same files) and at times issues with virus removal
- Not really light, performance impact in web browsing, installation and copying
- Certain false positives despite the information available at cloud
The Ugly:
- Watch out for Panda security toolbar during install
The Truth: 4/5 stars
4/5 starsMost Improved products of 2016:
- Windows Defender on Win10
- AVG Free Antivirus
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